Old Majors Speech in Animal Farm A Book by George Orwell Essay Example

Old Majors Speech in Animal Farm: A Book by George Orwell Essay The Old Major’s speech was at the very start of chapter one of the book. It illustrates how animal farm was based on the Russian Revolution and how the Old Major character was modeled on Karl Marx who wrote the communist manifesto which was a guiding principle of the Russian Revolution. The Old Major used a huge amount of persuasive techniques in many different ways. He used emotive language to make the animals have an emotional, rather than a rational response to his speech. He creates a number of ideas that he expresses to the animals to make them believe that the revolution is for the right ideas. The first idea is of man as a parasite, a being who ‘consumes without producing’, lazy and weak. This sets up the central theme of injustice that such a creature should be lord of the strong and productive animals. This is reinforced by appealing to each individual set of animals. First the cows, who have given thousands of gallons of milk, then the hens who have laid eggs, then the horses and their foals, then the pigs, then the dogs. This makes the speech much more personal towards the animals as it makes it easier for them relate to because part of the speech is directed at them. We will write a custom essay sample on Old Majors Speech in Animal Farm: A Book by George Orwell specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Old Majors Speech in Animal Farm: A Book by George Orwell specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Old Majors Speech in Animal Farm: A Book by George Orwell specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The second idea is that man is a threat, not just to the wellbeing of the animals but to their very lives as ‘no animal escapes the cruel knife in the end’. The hens’ eggs do not hatch into chickens, the pigs will ‘scream’ their lives out at the block, when Boxer’s muscles give out he will be sent to the knacker and when the dogs grow old ‘Jones ties a brick round their necks and drowns them’. This idea is threatening towards the animals which gives them one more reason to agree to the revolution as they would feel threatened an un easy if they did nothing to prevent their fate that the Old Major described. So first the animals are made to feel aggrieved at supporting the parasitic humans, and then their lives threatened. The third key idea in the speech is that there is a solution, only one solution which is made to feel inevitable ‘I do not know when that rebellion will come but I know that sooner or later justice will be done’. The fourth key idea is of unity and common purpose. ‘Among all us animals let there be perfect unity’. Implicit in this idea is the message that any disunity undermines all the animals. Even the rats, who are not a widely liked group, count as animals. This binds the animals together but it also effectively silences any legitimate questioning or dissent. So this covers the key ideas in the speech, but it’s effectiveness lies not so much in the ideas that are communicated but in the way these ideas are expressed. The Old Major uses many rhetorical devices. The Old Major has a keen sense of his audience. He appeals to each individual set of animals. First the cows, who have given thousands of gallons of milk, then the hens who have laid eggs, then the horses and their foals, then the pigs, then the dogs. Then he binds them together. He also uses extreme language and brutal images. Piglets don’t simply die, they ‘scream their lives out’. The dogs don’t get put down, they are drowned with a brick tied around their necks. He does this to add more suspense and make the animals future sound more severe than it is. He also anticipates counter arguments by stating them himself, but minimising and downplaying them. So he concedes that man might feed the animals, but he only gives them ‘the bare minimum that will prevent them from starving’. The idea that the animals might have any common interest with men is dismissed as ‘all lies‘. When he mentions how the animals get fed ‘the bare minimum’ after working hard to provide food for the humans it includes that the Old Major had become ‘stout’ which clearly means that he had not been underfed and he had been fed far more than the bare minimum, or he wouldn’t be the size that he was. It was also included that he was old (the ‘Old’ Major) and the irony is that he told the animals that they would be slaughtered when in fact he has lived a long life and has not been subject to hostility. The animals clearly did not realise this at the time because the one main point about the book is that the pigs are cleverer than the rest of the animals more easily. It’s worth discussing the way in which the Old Major speaks. He alternates rhetorical questions questions where the answer is self-evident. Occasionally he will ask a question which he then proceeds to answer himself ‘Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings. There are many questions in the speech but none of them are genuine questions, the answers are all either implicit in the question or given in the speech. Each time he is pushing the animals along and forces them to think along the channels he has chosen. In parts of the speech he had a very clever idea of how to use the rhetorical questions for lots of purposes. He makes them believe that they are thinking for themselves, but really he is intentionally forcing the answers through the questions that he is asking. He does this partly to mask the fact that he is manipulating them into agreeing with him. When the Old Major isn’t asking questions, he is exclaiming. ‘Fix your minds on that, comrades, throughout the short remainder of your lives! ’ The speech he makes isn’t a quiet one, you can tell from the exclamations that his voice is raised and designed to be rousing. The Old Major doesn’t just repeat his ideas, he repeats certain words. Take the word ‘comrades’ which reinforces the idea of unity, this is used no fewer than a dozen times. A word or a phrase used in one sentence is repeated in the next to make sure that the message is heard and reinforced. ‘Rebellion! I do not know when that Rebellion will come ’ The use of the repetition is very skilled because it is a rhetorical trick as he only repeats key works to enforce that the message gets heard more clearly. He cleverly compares what the humans do and what the animals do ‘He does not give milk, He does not give eggs’ and ‘OUR labour tills the soil, our dung fertilises it’ which is a clear comparison of how in his eyes, the humans do nothing but make the animals work, and the animals do all the work and get nothing in return. He also says how the humans are ‘The Lord of the Animals’ and the animals get nothing. This gives the animals yet another reason to go ahead with the resolution. The Old Major also makes his thought process seem natural and logical, so that each idea flows into the next and takes his audience with him. It all builds to a natural conclusion ‘Is it not crystal clear then that all the evils of this life of ours spring from the tyranny of human beings’. The conclusion feels logical even though it might not stand up to scrutiny. The conclusion is that man is to blame for all the ills that attend the animals. The Old Major’s speech is emotive i. e. t engenders certain emotions in his audience. First he makes them feel miserable, enslaved, downtrodden. Then he presents a solution, which offers hope. Then he binds them together and makes them feel unified and resolute against a common enemy. But underpinning all this there is a certain sort of sentimentality. He appeals to the animals to remember the days of their own youths and the youth of their offsprin g. He refers to the chickens that never hatched, the foals that never stayed with their dam and his own youth ‘Many years ago when I was a little pig‘. Another use of emotive language is when he says to the animals ‘I don’t have much time left. ’, as if it were his final dying wished for the revolution to be carried out. They are made to feel sympathetic towards him. This made them feel obliged to agree to his suggestions (which was what he intended) as they would feel guilty if they did not because he did not have much of his life left. I would go as far as saying it was emotional blackmail because he was putting the animals in a position where they couldn’t decline. There were many emotive language examples throughout the speech. Another one was ‘and even the miserable lives we lead are not allowed to reach their natural life span’. He used strong adjectives e. g miserable to make the animals feel sorry for themselves and each other because they are made to think that their lives have been bad and they have been deprived and they deserve more. He makes them feel like they are being exploited by man by saying this. Another point is that the Old Major intentionally leaves out the fact that the humans feed him and look after him and the rest of the animals. This proves that he is biased because he has purposely not included any of this information. The was that he presents the whole idea is clever because he presents it so there is only one resolution to what he is saying. This strategy is enforced when he threatens the cows, pigs and dogs by creating an image of an extremely brutal and severe future for all of them which is not entirely true. At the end he briefly warns he animals- as if he knows what is going to happen, when he says ‘Even when you have conquered him, do not adopt his vices. So he is trying to explain that they should not turn into the enemy. The speech finishes with a song, a rousing song, that ‘threw all the animals into the wildest excitement’. All the animals start singing it, and in singing in unison, their unity is cemented. Overall Old Major’s speech worked very effectively and his intentional outcome of the speech was fulfilled because the animals had been influenced to such an extent that they agreed and felt partially obliges to go ahead with the rebellion, suggested by him. Old Majors Speech in Animal Farm A Book by George Orwell Essay Example Old Majors Speech in Animal Farm: A Book by George Orwell Essay The Old Major’s speech was at the very start of chapter one of the book. It illustrates how animal farm was based on the Russian Revolution and how the Old Major character was modeled on Karl Marx who wrote the communist manifesto which was a guiding principle of the Russian Revolution. The Old Major used a huge amount of persuasive techniques in many different ways. He used emotive language to make the animals have an emotional, rather than a rational response to his speech. He creates a number of ideas that he expresses to the animals to make them believe that the revolution is for the right ideas. The first idea is of man as a parasite, a being who ‘consumes without producing’, lazy and weak. This sets up the central theme of injustice that such a creature should be lord of the strong and productive animals. This is reinforced by appealing to each individual set of animals. First the cows, who have given thousands of gallons of milk, then the hens who have laid eggs, then the horses and their foals, then the pigs, then the dogs. This makes the speech much more personal towards the animals as it makes it easier for them relate to because part of the speech is directed at them. We will write a custom essay sample on Old Majors Speech in Animal Farm: A Book by George Orwell specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Old Majors Speech in Animal Farm: A Book by George Orwell specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Old Majors Speech in Animal Farm: A Book by George Orwell specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The second idea is that man is a threat, not just to the wellbeing of the animals but to their very lives as ‘no animal escapes the cruel knife in the end’. The hens’ eggs do not hatch into chickens, the pigs will ‘scream’ their lives out at the block, when Boxer’s muscles give out he will be sent to the knacker and when the dogs grow old ‘Jones ties a brick round their necks and drowns them’. This idea is threatening towards the animals which gives them one more reason to agree to the revolution as they would feel threatened an un easy if they did nothing to prevent their fate that the Old Major described. So first the animals are made to feel aggrieved at supporting the parasitic humans, and then their lives threatened. The third key idea in the speech is that there is a solution, only one solution which is made to feel inevitable ‘I do not know when that rebellion will come but I know that sooner or later justice will be done’. The fourth key idea is of unity and common purpose. ‘Among all us animals let there be perfect unity’. Implicit in this idea is the message that any disunity undermines all the animals. Even the rats, who are not a widely liked group, count as animals. This binds the animals together but it also effectively silences any legitimate questioning or dissent. So this covers the key ideas in the speech, but it’s effectiveness lies not so much in the ideas that are communicated but in the way these ideas are expressed. The Old Major uses many rhetorical devices. The Old Major has a keen sense of his audience. He appeals to each individual set of animals. First the cows, who have given thousands of gallons of milk, then the hens who have laid eggs, then the horses and their foals, then the pigs, then the dogs. Then he binds them together. He also uses extreme language and brutal images. Piglets don’t simply die, they ‘scream their lives out’. The dogs don’t get put down, they are drowned with a brick tied around their necks. He does this to add more suspense and make the animals future sound more severe than it is. He also anticipates counter arguments by stating them himself, but minimising and downplaying them. So he concedes that man might feed the animals, but he only gives them ‘the bare minimum that will prevent them from starving’. The idea that the animals might have any common interest with men is dismissed as ‘all lies‘. When he mentions how the animals get fed ‘the bare minimum’ after working hard to provide food for the humans it includes that the Old Major had become ‘stout’ which clearly means that he had not been underfed and he had been fed far more than the bare minimum, or he wouldn’t be the size that he was. It was also included that he was old (the ‘Old’ Major) and the irony is that he told the animals that they would be slaughtered when in fact he has lived a long life and has not been subject to hostility. The animals clearly did not realise this at the time because the one main point about the book is that the pigs are cleverer than the rest of the animals more easily. It’s worth discussing the way in which the Old Major speaks. He alternates rhetorical questions questions where the answer is self-evident. Occasionally he will ask a question which he then proceeds to answer himself ‘Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings. There are many questions in the speech but none of them are genuine questions, the answers are all either implicit in the question or given in the speech. Each time he is pushing the animals along and forces them to think along the channels he has chosen. In parts of the speech he had a very clever idea of how to use the rhetorical questions for lots of purposes. He makes them believe that they are thinking for themselves, but really he is intentionally forcing the answers through the questions that he is asking. He does this partly to mask the fact that he is manipulating them into agreeing with him. When the Old Major isn’t asking questions, he is exclaiming. ‘Fix your minds on that, comrades, throughout the short remainder of your lives! ’ The speech he makes isn’t a quiet one, you can tell from the exclamations that his voice is raised and designed to be rousing. The Old Major doesn’t just repeat his ideas, he repeats certain words. Take the word ‘comrades’ which reinforces the idea of unity, this is used no fewer than a dozen times. A word or a phrase used in one sentence is repeated in the next to make sure that the message is heard and reinforced. ‘Rebellion! I do not know when that Rebellion will come ’ The use of the repetition is very skilled because it is a rhetorical trick as he only repeats key works to enforce that the message gets heard more clearly. He cleverly compares what the humans do and what the animals do ‘He does not give milk, He does not give eggs’ and ‘OUR labour tills the soil, our dung fertilises it’ which is a clear comparison of how in his eyes, the humans do nothing but make the animals work, and the animals do all the work and get nothing in return. He also says how the humans are ‘The Lord of the Animals’ and the animals get nothing. This gives the animals yet another reason to go ahead with the resolution. The Old Major also makes his thought process seem natural and logical, so that each idea flows into the next and takes his audience with him. It all builds to a natural conclusion ‘Is it not crystal clear then that all the evils of this life of ours spring from the tyranny of human beings’. The conclusion feels logical even though it might not stand up to scrutiny. The conclusion is that man is to blame for all the ills that attend the animals. The Old Major’s speech is emotive i. e. t engenders certain emotions in his audience. First he makes them feel miserable, enslaved, downtrodden. Then he presents a solution, which offers hope. Then he binds them together and makes them feel unified and resolute against a common enemy. But underpinning all this there is a certain sort of sentimentality. He appeals to the animals to remember the days of their own youths and the youth of their offsprin g. He refers to the chickens that never hatched, the foals that never stayed with their dam and his own youth ‘Many years ago when I was a little pig‘. Another use of emotive language is when he says to the animals ‘I don’t have much time left. ’, as if it were his final dying wished for the revolution to be carried out. They are made to feel sympathetic towards him. This made them feel obliged to agree to his suggestions (which was what he intended) as they would feel guilty if they did not because he did not have much of his life left. I would go as far as saying it was emotional blackmail because he was putting the animals in a position where they couldn’t decline. There were many emotive language examples throughout the speech. Another one was ‘and even the miserable lives we lead are not allowed to reach their natural life span’. He used strong adjectives e. g miserable to make the animals feel sorry for themselves and each other because they are made to think that their lives have been bad and they have been deprived and they deserve more. He makes them feel like they are being exploited by man by saying this. Another point is that the Old Major intentionally leaves out the fact that the humans feed him and look after him and the rest of the animals. This proves that he is biased because he has purposely not included any of this information. The was that he presents the whole idea is clever because he presents it so there is only one resolution to what he is saying. This strategy is enforced when he threatens the cows, pigs and dogs by creating an image of an extremely brutal and severe future for all of them which is not entirely true. At the end he briefly warns he animals- as if he knows what is going to happen, when he says ‘Even when you have conquered him, do not adopt his vices. So he is trying to explain that they should not turn into the enemy. The speech finishes with a song, a rousing song, that ‘threw all the animals into the wildest excitement’. All the animals start singing it, and in singing in unison, their unity is cemented. Overall Old Major’s speech worked very effectively and his intentional outcome of the speech was fulfilled because the animals had been influenced to such an extent that they agreed and felt partially obliges to go ahead with the rebellion, suggested by him.

Alex Rodriguez The Clean One Essays

Alex Rodriguez The Clean One Essays Alex Rodriguez The Clean One Essay Alex Rodriguez The Clean One Essay Alex Rodriguez The Clean One Alex Rodriguez is a Major League Baseball player. He has played twenty seasons in the MIL and has played for the New York Yankees, the Texas Rangers, and Seattle Mariners. He has set a path of making records big and small. Many speculate that he would break the home run record and then some. His reputation is that he will be the one who breaks all the records without using any kind of performance enhancing drugs (Peed). Last year he was loosely accused of using performance enhancing drugs with the Texas Rangers, but it was never proven or followed up on. Ever since the home run record was broken by Barry Bonds, Alex Rodriguez has been looked on as his successor. This has been a difficult reputation for him to live up to. Once Barry Bonds broke the home run record with 762 long balls, he was instantly accused of using performance enhancing drugs. But he was never officially convicted of using them. All the eyes of baseball turned to Alex Rodriguez to break the home run record with no use of performance enhancing drugs. He has recently been accused of using performance enhancing drugs for the second time. He is now sighting a suspension by Major League Baseball. Many people around the world did not like Alex Rodriguez or the New York Yankees before these allegations. Now this is Just another reason for the world of sports to hate on him and his team. This past week the New York Yankees played the Boston Red Sox. Whenever Alex Rodriguez made a play or was batting the entire crowd would boo him and the Yankees. The only time they cheered was when Alex Rodriguez got hit by a pitch. The loyal Yankees fans were the only people that cheered for him. When Alex Rodriguez was put on the pedestal to break the home run record he as also put on the watch for using performance enhancing drugs. He has always been disliked by many people in world of baseball; but has always been admired for the fact that he was doing it the clean way. Recently Major League Baseball had done some research and found substantial evidence showing that Alex Rodriguez most likely used performance enhancing drugs. He is still fighting the allegations and presently plays for the New York Yankees. The fabulous reality that he was supposed to be the man who accomplished the home run record clean turns out to be a farce. The evidence is pretty clear that he was using performance enhancing drugs. This is very disappointing news, the last man to break the record was accused of using performance enhancing drugs and now his supposed successor has also. Major League Baseball has now become known as the cheaters game. Unfortunately, when a clean player breaks a record people will instantly become skeptical. This is very sad for baseball! The reality of a clean player reaching a prestigious record is becoming less and less obtainable due to the inequalities of performance enhancing drugs. By astrology 7

Charles taze russell

Charles taze russell Introduction Charles Taze Russell, an American entrepreneur-turned-minister in 1897 had made an early description of globalization. Economists and other social scientists used globalization term during 1960s. (Wikipedia) The use of globalization term was widely used during the half of 1980s. There are numerous people who tried to come up with the definitions of globalization at that time. Globalization is the transactional processes and domestic structures of economy, politics, culture, and social. Besides, usually globalization specifically refers to economic globalization. Economic globalization defined by national economies into international economies. International trade, investment by foreigners, capital flows, migration of nation or foreigners, and the spreading of technology are some of the examples of international economy. Malaysia as one of the countries of Southeast Asian also undergoes the process of globalization. Furthermore, globalization gives effect on Malaysia in economy, political, social and culture. In 1970s, Bumiputera run the Malaysian firms and enterprises by 35 percent. This is one of the implementation aspects of New Economic Policy (NEP). In addition, Malaysia’s economy has successfully narrowed the gap of income disparity between Bumiputera and other races. Other than that, since 1989, 8% of consistent economic growth was recorded. 9.2% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew in 1995. During the first quarter of 1996, the growth rate falls to 8%. In the middle of 1997, Malaysia have seriously been attack by tremendous drop of currency that give impact on country’s growth of exportation helps Malaysia recover from recession period. Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad during his career as Prime Minister announced the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) to transform the economic from a production-based economy to a knowledge-based economy (K-economy). Thus, Malaysia undergoes globalization due to the economic expansion although receiv ed the recession period and successfully recovered. In Malaysia, prime minister should be a member and have the self-assured of House of Representatives. Parliamentary democracy is used in Malaysia to attain the globalization in developing the country with the federal constitutional monarchy. In operating the government, prime minister must be highly responsible to make the political environment in Malaysia to be stable. Due to the political stable, Malaysia has made a good relationship with United States and Europe even in the Asian region, South Korea, China, and Japan. Government in Malaysia, encourage foreign’s investment in manufacturing industries. Thus, nations can get income as an employee to the industries. Since Malaysia gained its independence, our nations have made globalization in political. Political has successfully lower down the poverty in the rural area. Rural development was taken placed since 1965 where budgets were largest allocated to the rural area. Hen ce, political that are stable is important in globalization of a country. Educational system in Malaysia has undergoes many changes of reviews and curricular activities to gain high right mentality and good attitudes of students. In order to achieve that, professors, lecturers, and teachers were recommended to find alternative to achieve this goal. Family, entertainment media, government political, and communities play an important role to mould the competitive, good moral attitudes, and more independent students. Malaysia government have make strategies on educational system to support Bumiputera to become an intellectual person. Government produced Maktab Rendah Sains MARA (MRSM), universities of science and technology based, and sponsorship for bright students. Furthermore, developing technologies is also one of the Malaysia aims. This aims has contribute the increase of foreigner’s investment. Malaysian Technology Development Corporation (MTDC) is providing capital to Mal aysian and foreign companies that are interested in investing in Malaysia. So, educational and developing technologies are the aspects of social globalization.

Security through authentication and Encryption Essay

Security through authentication and Encryption - Essay Example Security issues are the ones that Government take pride for determining technical standards within the domain of the private sector. Since technology is on its way to implement some technical standards to secure communication mode, first of all it mandates standards to mandate Internet commerce and communication. Among the most significant issue concerning technical standards is the usage of security and authentication. Authentication is not only required in communications between organizations and clients but is also a considerable issue in making electronic payments over the Internet. Depending on the direction and interactivity, authentication requires some previously stored data while communicating online. Authentication while encrypting the data allows any organization to get security over the network, thereby utilizing its resources without any hassle or threat of being attacked by the hacker. Encryption not only provides confidentiality to an organization when most often used with ‘https’ protocol, but by authenticating the data it provides non-repudiation that travels over a network or stored on a system. Except for the fact that authentication gets costly to organization and there is a risk of passwords vulnerability, there are no other limitations for authenticating your network. Since passwords are vulnerable to brute-force attacks or forgetfulness they are also subjected to a threat of weak password authentication. For example if a manager sends an application inclusive of passwords in plain text while not encrypted, to the authenticating server, any network sniffer can figure out the password, whether it is 250 or 2 characters long. A physical form of authentication is deployed in large organizations, government and military agencies that measures physical attributes, called ‘biometrics’. Since it is economically not

Are genetically modified crops more harmful than beneficial to the Research Paper

Are genetically modified crops more harmful than beneficial to the environment - Research Paper Example It reviews scientific literature to investigate whether the genetically engineered crops are more harmful or more beneficial to the environment. Reports on scientific research and analyses have offered varied opinions on the impacts of genetically modified crops on the environment. A research initiative by Powel et al on the effects of genetically modified crops on their immediate soil identifies temporary effects on lives around the crops. The effect lasts for less than a year, especially when the crops are grown only once in an area. The crops are also associated with lowering the rate of organic compounds’ decomposition in soils for retention of primary nutrients in the soils to ensure a stable food chain that begins with plants. This therefore identifies advantages of genetic modification towards food security in an ecosystem (Powel et al, p. 394). Research by Brookes and Barfoot on the environmental effects of genetically modified crops also identifies significant benefits of the engineering. According to their research results, application of genetically modified crops that are resistant to weeds and insects have reduced the general trend in application of chemical based herbicides and pesticides to lower environmental pollution due to the involved chemicals. This has in effect promised a reduction of green house gas emission to environmental safety (Brookes and Barfoot, p. 193). The effect of the genetically modified crops’ ability to kill insects and weeds that threatens the crops is also a source of the technology’s harmful impacts on the environment. The crops for example extend their potential and kills insects and weeds that do not affect them. As a result, the genetic engineering leads to unnecessary destruction of abiotic factors. This harm is more significant if it affects insects or weeds with environmental value. The toxicity of the crops is similarly

Food and Money Essay Example for Free

Food and Money Essay Why did Huang Tsung-hsi see the well-field system as a foundation of a renewed Chinese culture and a stable political state? The well field was the center of a plot of land divided into 9 sections. Eight families farmed the plot; each held one of the sections and the central one belonged to lord of the whole plot. Why? The well-field system is believed to be the most ideal arrangement between landowners and tenants. Under this system, the families occupying each of the eight fields will befriend each other, cooperate in guarding the crops, watch each others back in case of danger, and rescue one another in times of trouble and illness. This system promotes harmony and equal treatment by the landlord. The burden of taxation is also distributed evenly among the families. Huang Tsung-hsi saw this system as the foundation of a renewed Chinese culture and stable political state because, as a follower of Mencius, he advocated that rulers must rule their subjects justly and well. Huang Tsung-hsi abhorred selfish autocratic rule. If a ruler promotes equal distribution, people will not be afraid of getting poor. If the people are assured of their just treatment, there will be peace in a society. Once people are content, government will not fail. In Ibn Khaldun’s analysis of Islamic society, did â€Å"group feeling† function in the same way as the well-field system did for Huang? In Ibn Khalduns analysis of Islamic society, he defined group feeling as subordinating of an individuals personal needs to that of the interest of the group. He argued that if an individual wont prioritize the group, there would be no peace and social development. Comparing this with the well-field system, I should say that in a way they are the same. The same because both systems promote solidarity and cooperation to achieve a purpose. In the well-field system, it can be assumed that individual needs are secondary in relation to what is best for the group. Works Cited Swann, Nancy. Food and Money in Ancient China. Princeton, 1950.

Patriarchy in Hamlet Essay -- Essays on Shakespeare Hamlet

Patriarchy in Hamlet  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare’s Hamlet employs the concept of patriarchy in several scenarios and each on different levels. These levels of patriarchy, if even for the same character, vary in their role in the play. Three patriarchal characters are easily identified: the ghost of Hamlet’s father, the king Claudius, and the lord chamberlain Polonius. Despite their variances each patriarchy displays values and actions which are key factors in bringing about the cataclysmic ending to Hamlet. Claudius fills the role of father figure as both king to a nation and stepfather to young Hamlet, whose father has died unexpectedly. It is revealed later that Claudius is responsible for the death of his brother, King Hamlet. This very act of murder to obtain the throne and marry his own sister-in-law, an act equal to incest in the eyes of their society, displays from the first the poor quality of monarchy that can be expected from Claudius. Young Fortinbras of Norway feels that since the King Hamlet is dead he is entitled to his inheritance of land, and rightly so as the contract was drawn between King Hamlet and Fortinbras’s father. The young Fortinbras is obviously some form of a threat to the kingdom, a thought expressed as well by Horatio and Bernardo as they stand watch in the opening of the play (1.1.80-125). Claudius does not appear to be overly concerned with the matter. He sends two couriers to Fortinbras’s sick uncle asking that he stop Fortinbras and his at tack on Denmark. Meanwhile, it seems as if Claudius does not give the matter another thought. It is odd that he does not more safely guard the kingdom that meant enough to him to kill his own brother to obtain it. He of all people should know what one ... ...blishers, 1999. Chute, Marchette. â€Å"The Story Told in Hamlet.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from Stories from Shakespeare. N. p.: E. P. Dutton, 1956.    Homer. â€Å"The Odyssey.† The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. Expanded Edition in One Volume. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1997. 101-336. Shakespeare, William. â€Å"Hamlet.† The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. Expanded Edition in One Volume. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1997. 1634-726.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html No line nos.    Ovid. â€Å"Metamorphoses.† The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. Expanded Edition in One Volume. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1997. 684-99.      

Non-violent Methods are Better Way of Training Children

As we know, physical punishment has always been an effective way for training animals. Once they become wild, flinging the whip is what we do to make them being well-behaved. However, does it work for training children? Are their behaviors all get better and better after that? In my point of view, I strongly object parents who admire that physical punishment is the best way to teach and train their own children. Although the pain of body is easy to make people learn the lesson, on the other hand, it may also be easy to leave the scars on body and heart, cause family problems and losing the opportunities for children to judge the right and wrong by themselves own.First of all, even the pain of punishment will disappear, the scars on body and heart somehow will remain for the entire life. With no doubt, teaching children not to spill the milk on the floor by simply slapping on their bottoms would be a rapid way to warn them not to make the same mistake again. However, I think your chil dren would remember how bad you treat them more than the lesson they’ve learned and reflect this rage on their children in the future by teaching them in same way. In addition, some researches even have shown the causes of some criminal’s psychological problems can be traced back to their parents’ serious physical punishment or even abuse. The former dictator of Iraq Saddam Hussein would be a good example.Second, without violence in the house, I believe children will have a happier childhood and get along with their parents better when they grow up. If we observe the relationship between parents and children more carefully, it is not hard to find out the happiness existing in the house is not only connected to children’s behavior but also parents’. After all, simply punish them physically can’t make them easier to understand what exact the mistake they make because they only know it’s wrong but don’t know why it is wrong. Howev er, although it takes more time, if you explain to them why they do is wrong and what bad results they may cause instead of punish them, then it would be easier to make them understand this mistake can not be done again without making an awkward atmosphere in the family.Finally, to let the children know what is right and what is wrong, I think the best way for them is to experience and judge by themselves. Like I mentioned above, the most important principle is let them know why it’s wrong. Once they find out, then their brain will naturally tell them not to do it before they get hurt (no matter by themselves or parents). For instance, even you strongly warned your children don’t get too close to the fire, they still want to touch and feel it what it is. But once they suffer from the pain of burning, I assure you they don’t dare to do it again on purpose.To make a conclusion, I think physical punishment is not the best way to train children. Although it is fast and effective sometimes, you will never know what consequences it may bring in the future. After all, compared to the bad relationship and many problems it may cause, the long time it takes to teach a child in a liberal and gentle way seems very worthy.

Article on a Person I Admire Essay

Depressed bulimic is a role model However inadequate to being a role model a depressed person struggling with bulimia might seem, our history holds an unquestionably notable one. Married to The Prince of Wales, Diana Frances became the first high-profile celebrity to be photographed touching an HIV-infected child and at once the most loved Princess of all times. Her life and activities had a significant impact on changing people’s attitudes and making the world a better place, for which I admire her greatly. The first Englishwomen married into the Royal Family had it not downhill, but no sooner had she been allowed to speak for herself irrespective of the Palace opinions than she became immersed in numerous charitable causes including getting involved in the AIDS research, which was strongly disapproved of by the Royals. Despite all criticism Lady Di continued throughout her marriage to patronise over one hundred nonprofit organisations. Increasing public awareness of the land mines issue and its dreadful consequences is also an achievement we should ascribe to The Princess of Wales. Doing all the charity stuff is, one may say, one thing and changing people’s lives is another, but still we have to give credit where credit is due, and the „Queen of Hearts† sure deserves one. Having problems as serious and discomforting to talk about as the rest of the nation (loveless marriage, bulimia, depression) and openly talking about them brought her closer to people than any other prominent figure has ever been. Her strength and confidence while overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles inspired others and encouraged them to make the best of a bad job. Although it has been over a decade since her death, Princess Diana is still looked up to and thought of as a women who was at once a royal personage and a compassionate friend. She would use all the media attention she was being given due to her position, status and fame to help those in need, especially the victims of diseases, poverty and social intolerance. (337)

Free Essays on M505

Palm m505 The Palm m505 is a new PDA that, unlike many PDA’s, comes with a color screen, a Motorola Dragonball VZ processor, 8MB of memory, a 160x160 pixel color display with over 65,000 colors. This PDA is one of the first in a new breed of color displays. Palm has also incorporated two expansion slots, one for memory, and one for extra peripherals. This is one of the first color PDA’s out on the market. The unit is capable of displaying pictures with great quality. The smaller expansion slot is for multi media expansion cards and secure digital SD expansion cards, which are used for backup purposes. Soon Palm will release a SD card that will hold 256MB. These SD cards are only the size of a postage stamp. Programs like a dictionary and games will be available in the small expansion card form. The large expansion slot at the top of the Palm will be for the Secure Digital Input Out put (SDIO) devices. Some of these devices include a modem, digital camera Global Positioning System, barcode scanner, bluetooth module, and an MP3 player. This unit connects links up with a PC using a HotSync cradle, and also uses an infrared port for data and software sharing. The m505 is leading us into the future of PDA’s. Any store or retailer with a barcode system could easily use this device to help calculate inventory. With the camera attachment an insurance adjuster could quickly take photos necessary for processing a claim. With mobile connection, the pictures and any notes could be instantly uploaded to a server at any location. It could come in handy to businesses that send employees on business trips. With the GPS attachment a person could easily find their way around a new area with little trouble. In the picture below you can see some of the SDIO devices mentioned. The Palm m505 has a reflective screen which makes it easy to view outside in sunlight. It also has a backlit screen for visibility in da... Free Essays on M505 Free Essays on M505 Palm m505 The Palm m505 is a new PDA that, unlike many PDA’s, comes with a color screen, a Motorola Dragonball VZ processor, 8MB of memory, a 160x160 pixel color display with over 65,000 colors. This PDA is one of the first in a new breed of color displays. Palm has also incorporated two expansion slots, one for memory, and one for extra peripherals. This is one of the first color PDA’s out on the market. The unit is capable of displaying pictures with great quality. The smaller expansion slot is for multi media expansion cards and secure digital SD expansion cards, which are used for backup purposes. Soon Palm will release a SD card that will hold 256MB. These SD cards are only the size of a postage stamp. Programs like a dictionary and games will be available in the small expansion card form. The large expansion slot at the top of the Palm will be for the Secure Digital Input Out put (SDIO) devices. Some of these devices include a modem, digital camera Global Positioning System, barcode scanner, bluetooth module, and an MP3 player. This unit connects links up with a PC using a HotSync cradle, and also uses an infrared port for data and software sharing. The m505 is leading us into the future of PDA’s. Any store or retailer with a barcode system could easily use this device to help calculate inventory. With the camera attachment an insurance adjuster could quickly take photos necessary for processing a claim. With mobile connection, the pictures and any notes could be instantly uploaded to a server at any location. It could come in handy to businesses that send employees on business trips. With the GPS attachment a person could easily find their way around a new area with little trouble. In the picture below you can see some of the SDIO devices mentioned. The Palm m505 has a reflective screen which makes it easy to view outside in sunlight. It also has a backlit screen for visibility in da...

Critique of Education Standard III Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critique of Education Standard III - Essay Example One of the area in which libraries can  strengthen  their  dedication  to sustaining  student  education  is the reference services. Are students  being taught  by the librarians using  reference  orientation? This  study  recognizes eight instructional approaches that the librarians can  relate  in digital  orientation  operations and observes librarians’ use of these approaches in one  university’s instant message (IM)  orientation  service (Oakleaf & VanScoy, 380). Article Summary Since this study indicates a  fresh  method to the knowledge of  training  in digital orientation, the outcomes  anticipate  verification  by  potential  researchers. In order to  exploit  the  force  of digital  orientation  on  student  education, librarians can  implement  a  diversity  of instructional policies based in  educational  theory (Oakleaf & VanScoy, 380). At the start of this study, the inve stigators built up a list of instructional policies on the center of  educational  assumptions, incorporating metacognition, dynamic learning, and social constructivism, and working descriptions of each approach. Metacognition is the capacity to be  deliberate  and insightful about a person’s ideas. ... Librarians can  implement  dynamic  learning  methods in digital orientation operations to  employ  users in successful information looking for behavior.  According to  communal  constructivist  hypothesis, what people gain knowledge of,  is being socially built  via relations with  skilled  members of a particular community.  Elmborg  illustrates that librarians who  implement  a social constructivist  form  of  training  can  lead  users to  develop  into members of a  society  of knowledgeable people (Oakleaf & VanScoy, 381). For the instructional strategies; librarians should  reinforce  constructive  information-seeking actions. They should share breakdowns, successes and coping policies. They should  move  away from  recitation  to images and relations. Librarians should  split  transaction into separate, manageable chunks. They should as well  permit  users to  formulate  choices and take actions . They should  identify  the user’s  capability. Librarians should also refer to  supplementary  librarians with skilled expertise. Librarians should as well  explain  the scope of what they do (Oakleaf & VanScoy, 384). Critique of Article Several authors have emphasized the instructional  prospective  of  orientation  service in the modes of digital and face-to-face. For instance, Moyo recognizes the incorporation of training into  orientation  service as a growing need. Beck and Turner reveal that in-person  orientation  operations take place at the user’s  moment  of need, when they are  mainly  open  to  knowledge  (Oakleaf & VanScoy, 380).  Elmborg  illustrates training provided through  orientation  service as  reliable  in that the learner has a  particular  plan  in  progress  and

'If a business wants to maximise profit, it cannot be concerned with Essay

'If a business wants to maximise profit, it cannot be concerned with corporate social responsibility'. Critically discuss th - Essay Example When a business focuses on maximizing profit, they are ignoring their responsibility towards society. Should a business worry about the importance of CSR or that of maximizing profit (Davis 1960)? The paper discusses the fact that it is a business’ social responsibility to maximize profit by ignoring corporate social responsibility. Argument 1 It is the responsibility of the corporate executive to generate as much profit for the business while complying with the fundamental societal rules. CSR has the policies that ensure a business conforms to these rules. Throughout the decades, the theory of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) continues to develop in significance and importance. It has been the subject of considerable debate, commentary, theory building and research. Regardless of the continuing discussions as to what it means and what it entails, it has enhanced and evolved in both practitioner communities and academic globally (Smith 2003). The notion that the responsib ilities of business enterprises to society go past that of profit making for the shareholders has been here for many years. The phenomenon developed after the WW II and failed to take any direction in terms of significance until the 1960s and afterwards (Friedman 1970). So long as the government keeps the laws, corporations will continue to carry out their practices as the law permits them to maximize profit, so in other words, CSR is not the complete responsibility of corporations, but that of the governments. Edwards Freeman created the theory of the  stakeholder, which deals with a person’s values and morals in organization management (Friedman 1970). The  theory of the stockholder states that stockholders increase resources to corporate managers who operate as agents in developing their interests. The main purpose of any organization is to maximize profit. The problem is whether these organizations should have any responsibilities towards society. The function of a co rporation is vital when attempting to comprehend what builds a ‘good’ corporation (Smith 2003). Since the beginning of debates over CSR, critics and supporters have been expressive about the arguments for and against the notion of CSR. There has been expansive discussion about these arguments. Embedded in the discussions for and against the theory of CSR are points made previously, possibly on a gradual basis, supporting the concept. The argument against CSR concept classically  begins with the economic case expressed by the late Friedman (1970). According to Milton Friedman, the only duty of a business is to ensure maximum profit, and not worry about social responsibility. As a libertarian, he believes there is no need to get in the way of another person’s liberty. Milton supports free market and claims most developed capitalists states are, to some degree, welfares. According to him, the main social responsibility of a business is to ensure maximum profit, as long as it follows the rules of society. In short, a corporation should carry out its operations and take part in free and open competition exclusive of any fraud or deception. It is not right for businesses to have any form of social responsibility because most business owners become so in order to make profits. The issue of CSR also asks the question, who is responsible in ensuring the corporation follows CSR policies? Is it any person with power or the owner? Does an individual, as opposed to workers combined have moral duties (Smith 2003)? These are the type of